一、参考资料

ubuntu挂载与卸载硬盘

二、关键操作

2.1 查看磁盘信息

sudo fdisk -l

yoyo@ubuntu:/mnt$ sudo fdisk -l
[sudo] password for yoyo: 
Disk /dev/sda: 60 GiB, 64424509440 bytes, 125829120 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe2129d33

Device     Boot     Start       End   Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *         2048 123828223 123826176   59G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       123830270 125827071   1996802  975M  5 Extended
/dev/sda5       123830272 125827071   1996800  975M 82 Linux swap / Solaris

2.2 查看UUID

sudo blkid

yoyo@ubuntu:/mnt$ sudo blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="c5f88b7b-dd98-4812-a28d-691bf35c5945" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="e2129d33-01"
/dev/sda5: UUID="7accd724-db9f-4625-91dc-c199bd8f00ca" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="e2129d33-05"

2.3 查看硬盘挂载点

df -h

yoyo@ubuntu:/mnt$ df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev            3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs           796M   42M  755M   6% /run
/dev/sda1        58G   36G   20G  66% /
tmpfs           3.9G   19M  3.9G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
tmpfs           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs           796M  120K  796M   1% /run/user/1000

2.4 格式化磁盘

sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb2

2.5 挂载硬盘

将硬盘 /dev/sdb2 挂载到 /media/mydisk。

sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/sdb2 /media/mydisk

2.6 系统启动自动挂载硬盘设置

sudo gedit /etc/fstab 
或者
vim /etc/fstab

sudo gedit /etc/fstab

# 添加
/dev/sdb2         /media/mydisk         ext4           defaults                                     0 1
或者
#Entry for /dev/sdb2:
UUID=1c8d6458-c1ae-4698-acff-f0b7f2f7db72  /media/mydisk ext4 defaults 0 1

2.7 卸载硬盘

sudo umount /dev/sdb2

2.8 挂载未分配的硬盘

可以安装工具 gparted。

# 安装
sudo apt-get install gparted

# 启动
sudo gparted

在未分配空间上创建分区后再用上边指令进行挂载